What is network hardware? Definition, types + examples

Network hardware is vital for any digital communication infrastructure, enabling uninterrupted data transfer and connectivity between devices.

Understanding the various types and functionalities of network hardware can help greatly in optimizing network performance and security.

This article provides you with:

• The different types of network hardware
• Additional types to enhance your network
• Network hardware best practices
• Challenges and solutions for common network hardware issues
• How Meter can help

While this guide will tell you all of the essentials about common network hardware types, we also want you to know that you don’t need to buy all of this separately because we offer another way. At Meter, we define Network as a Service (NaaS) as one solution for your hardware, software, installation, and ongoing network management that is much more than just a subscription model. 

Types of network hardware

What is network hardware? It consists of physical devices essential for communication and interaction between entities found on a computer network. The devices enable data transfer, connectivity, and network management, forming the backbone of network infrastructure.

Key components of network hardware include routers, switches, access points, modems, firewalls, and network interface cards (NICs), each playing a specific role in making network operations run smoothly.

These devices also manage the flow of data packets across the network, facilitate wired and wireless connectivity, and support various network management functions such as monitoring performance, enforcing security policies, and controlling network traffic.

Routers

Routers direct data traffic between different networks by determining the best path for data packets. Acting as the network's navigators, they connect multiple networks and manage traffic using IP addresses and routing tables.

Some examples of routers and their uses:

• Cisco ISR: Used in enterprise environments to manage complex networks with high traffic volumes. It supports various services such as VPNs, firewall protection, and network monitoring.
  • Pros:
    • High performance
    • Robust security features
    • Scalable
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Requires specialized knowledge for configuration
• Netgear Nighthawk: Common in small businesses and homes for managing network traffic and providing high-speed Internet connectivity.
  • Pros: User-friendly
    • High-speed performance
    • Multiple device support
  • Cons:
    • Limited advanced features
    • Less durable for heavy enterprise use

Switches

Switches connect multiple devices within the same network, enabling them to communicate efficiently. Operating primarily at the data link layer (Layer 2) and sometimes at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model, switches manage data traffic within a local area network (LAN).

Some examples of switches and their uses:

• Cisco Catalyst: Used in enterprise environments for connecting computers, printers, and servers within the same network.
  • Pros:
    • High throughput
    • Advanced management features
    • Scalable
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Complex setup
• HP ProCurve: Ideal for small to medium-sized businesses needing reliable and straightforward network management.
  • Pros:
    • Cost-effective
    • Reliable performance
    • Easy to manage
  • Cons:
    • Limited advanced features
    • Less scalable than high-end switches

Access Points (APs)

Access points provide wireless connectivity to devices, acting as a bridge between wired and wireless networks. They enable devices like laptops, smartphones, and tablets to connect wirelessly to a wired network.

Some examples of APs and their uses:

• Ubiquiti UniFi: Used in large office environments to provide extensive Wi-Fi coverage.
  • Pros:
    • High performance
    • Scalable
    • Advanced management features
  • Cons:
    • Requires a controller for management
    • Higher cost
• Aruba Instant On: Suitable for small to medium-sized businesses for robust Wi-Fi connectivity.
  • Pros:
    • Easy setup
    • Cost-effective
    • Good performance
  • Cons:
    • Limited advanced features
    • Lower range compared to enterprise-grade APs

Modems

Modems convert digital data from a computer into a format suitable for a transmission medium, such as telephone lines or cable systems. They modulate and demodulate signals for data transmission and reception.

Examples of modems include:

• ARRIS SURFboard: Commonly used in homes and small offices for Internet access.
  • Pros:
    • High-speed performance
    • Reliable
    • Easy setup
  • Cons:
    • Limited to specific ISPs
    • Not suitable for large networks
• Netgear CM500: Another popular choice for home and small business Internet connectivity.
  • Pros:
    • Good performance
    • Compatible with many ISPs
    • Cost-effective
  • Cons:
    • Limited features
    • Not suitable for enterprise use

Firewalls

Firewalls monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. They act as a barrier between trusted internal networks and untrusted external networks.

Firewall examples:

• Palo Alto Networks: Used in enterprise environments to provide comprehensive security, including threat prevention and traffic monitoring.
  • Pros:
    • Advanced security features
    • High performance
    • Scalable
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Complex to configure
• Fortinet FortiGate: Suitable for both medium and large enterprises needing robust security.
  • Pros:
    • Cost-effective
    • Comprehensive security features
    • Reliable
  • Cons:
    • Requires expertise for optimal setup
    • May be overkill for small networks

Network Interface Cards (NICs)

NICs allow computers and other devices to connect to a network. They can be either wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi) and are essential for network communication.

Examples of NICs:

• Intel Ethernet Converged Network Adapter: Used in servers and high-performance workstations for fast and reliable network connectivity.
  • Pros:
    • High performance
    • Reliable
    • Advanced features
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Requires proper installation
• TP-Link Gigabit PCI Express Network Adapter: Common in desktops and small office environments for wired network connections.
  • Pros:
    • Affordable
    • Easy installation
    • Good performance
  • Cons:
    • Limited features
    • Not suitable for heavy enterprise use

Additional Hardware types that can benefit large business enterprises

In addition to the network hardware devices listed above, large business enterprises can benefit from several other types of hardware to enhance network performance, security, and management.

Load balancers

Load balancers distribute network or application traffic across multiple servers so that no single server becomes overwhelmed, optimizing resource use, maximizing throughput, reducing latency, and establishing fault tolerance.

Examples of load balancers include:

• F5 Networks BIG-IP: Often used in large enterprises for its advanced traffic management and security features.
  • Pros:
    • Advanced load balancing
    • Security features
    • Scalability
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Complex to configure
• Citrix ADC (NetScaler): Used for high availability and load balancing in large-scale enterprise applications.
  • Pros:
    • High performance
    • Flexible deployment
    • Strong security
  • Cons:
    • High cost
    • Requires technical expertise

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

NAS devices are dedicated file storage units that provide local area network (LAN) nodes with file-based shared storage through a standard Ethernet connection. NAS is useful for centralized data storage and sharing across a network.

Different NAS examples include:

• Synology DiskStation: Popular in enterprises for its reliability and scalability.
  • Pros:
    • User-friendly
    • Scalable storage options,
    • Robust security
  • Cons:
    • Higher initial cost
    • Requires management
• QNAP NAS: Offers extensive storage capabilities and application services.
  • Pros:
    • Versatile
    • High capacity
    • Good performance
  • Cons:
    • Complex setup
    • Requires ongoing maintenance

Unified Threat Management (UTM) devices

UTM devices integrate multiple security features such as firewall, VPN, antivirus, intrusion detection, and content filtering into a single appliance, simplifying network security management.

Some useful UTM devices:

• Sophos UTM: Provides comprehensive security for enterprise networks.
  • Pros:
    • All-in-one security solution
    • Easy to manage
    • Robust protection
  • Cons:
    • Can be resource-intensive
    • Higher cost for advanced features
• Fortinet FortiGate UTM: Known for its extensive security features and high performance.
  • Pros:
    • Comprehensive security
    • High throughput
    • Reliable
  • Cons:
    • Requires expertise for optimal configuration
    • Potentially expensive

Network monitoring tools

These tools monitor the performance, health, and security of a network. They help detect and resolve network issues for optimal network performance and uptime.

Tools to help monitor your network performance:

• SolarWinds Network Performance Monitor: Widely used for comprehensive network monitoring.
  • Pros:
    • User-friendly
    • Detailed insights
    • Extensive features
  • Cons:
    • Can be expensive
    • Requires training for full utilization
• Nagios XI: An open-source network monitoring tool preferred by many large enterprises.
  • Pros:
    • Customizable
    • Extensive plugin support
    • Cost-effective
  • Cons:
    • Can be complex to configure
    • Requires technical expertise

Network security appliances

These appliances provide specialized security functions, such as intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDS/IPS), to protect against unauthorized access and cyber threats.

Examples of network security appliances include:

• Cisco Firepower: Integrates next-generation firewall and advanced threat protection.
  • Pros:
    • High security
    • Comprehensive protection
    • Scalable
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • Complex configuration
• Palo Alto Networks Next-Generation Firewall: Known for its high-performance threat prevention capabilities.
  • Pros:
    • Advanced threat protection
    • Reliable performance
    • Scalable
  • Cons:
    • High cost
    • Requires specialized knowledge for setup and management

Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)

CDNs distribute content to end-users with high availability and high performance. They are particularly useful for enterprises with a global presence, ensuring faster content delivery and reduced latency.

CDNs that are available:

• Akamai CDN: Offers extensive global coverage and performance optimization.
  • Pros:
    • High performance
    • Extensive network
    • Reliable
  • Cons:
    • Expensive
    • May require technical integration
• Cloudflare CDN: Provides robust security features along with content delivery.
  • Pros:
    • Affordable
    • Easy to deploy
    • Strong security
  • Cons:
    • Limited advanced features compared to premium providers

Best practices for network hardware

Following best practices provides the best possible chance to avoid hardware failures and minimize downtime that could affect business operations. To avoid this, use these practical tips:

Regular maintenance

Schedule regular checks and updates to maintain optimal hardware functionality and prevent unexpected failures to extend the lifespan of the devices.

To maintain your hardware:

• Regularly inspect hardware for signs of wear and tear.
• Keep device firmware updated to benefit from the latest security patches and performance improvements.
• Keep physical components clean and free from dust to prevent overheating and hardware failure.

Proper configuration

All devices should be correctly configured to avoid network issues and security vulnerabilities.

To make sure this happens:

• Conduct a thorough review of default settings and adjust them to meet your network’s specific needs.
• Regularly audit configurations to guarantee they comply with current policies and best practices.
• Implement configuration templates to standardize settings across similar devices.

Network segmentation

Use VLANs and subnets to improve performance and security.

Additionally, you should:

• Reduce congestion and improve security by isolating different types of traffic.
• Use VLANs to separate network segments logically.
• Apply sub-netting to organize the network and enhance security.

Documentation

Keep detailed records of network hardware, configurations, and changes.

Continue to:

• Document all changes made to hardware configurations.
• Employ centralized documentation tools so that all team members have access to the latest information.
• Keep documentation up-to-date to reflect the current state of the network.

Challenges and solutions

Managing network hardware devices comes with its own set of complications and obstacles. Here’s the best way to address them:

Future-proofing

As businesses grow, network demands increase. Use scalable hardware solutions that can grow with your business.

When contemplating future business growth:

• Opt for modular switches and routers that can be expanded as needed.
• Regularly assess future network needs and plan hardware investments accordingly.
• Consider cloud-based networking solutions for easy scalability.

Security threats

Network hardware can be targeted by cyberattacks. Implement robust security measures to protect against threats.

To protect your network:

• Use firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems to safeguard the network.
• Keep security software and firmware up-to-date.
• Continuously monitor network traffic for unusual activity.

Compatibility issues

Different hardware components may not work well together. Choose hardware from reputable vendors known for compatibility and support.

To keep all components compatible:

• Select hardware from vendors with a reputation for compatibility and comprehensive support.
• Test new hardware in a controlled environment before full deployment.
• Use standardized network protocols to certify compatibility across different devices.

Maintenance and downtime

Hardware failures can lead to downtime. Have a maintenance schedule and keep spare parts on hand for quick replacements.

To reduce the possibility of hardware failure:

• Schedule regular maintenance to prevent unexpected failures.
• Maintain an inventory of critical spare parts to minimize downtime during repairs.
• Implement redundant systems so the network remains available in case of hardware failure.

Next steps: Meter’s hardware solutions for your enterprise

Meter offers end-to-end solutions that simplify the process of managing network hardware for enterprise networks.

We provide tailor-made solutions to help large organizations meet their business objectives while keeping their engineers focused on the big picture. Meter supports your network engineers to take on bigger tasks.

Here’s how Meter can support your network hardware needs:

• Comprehensive security appliances: Protect your network with advanced security measures, including built-in firewalls and intrusion detection/prevention systems (IDS/IPS).
• High-performance switches: Benefit from Meter’s 24-port and 48-port switches, designed for scalability and high throughput to accommodate growing network demands.
• Advanced access points: Experience seamless wireless connectivity with Wi-Fi 6 enabled access points, supporting high-speed performance and multiple device connections.
• Integrated network management: Utilize Meter’s unified platform for real-time monitoring, configuration, and management of all network hardware components.
• Reliable redundancy and failover: Ensure continuous network availability with multi-WAN support and automatic failover features.

Schedule a personalized, guided demo of our services at Meter today.